Understanding Submandibular Gland Stones: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Salivary gland stones—also known as sialoliths—are one of the most common causes of swelling and pain in the salivary glands. The submandibular gland, located beneath the jawline, is the most frequently affected. These stones can block saliva flow, causing discomfort, infection, and recurrent swelling while eating.

What Are Submandibular Gland Stones?

A salivary gland stone is a hardened deposit of minerals—mainly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate—that forms within the ducts that drain saliva into the mouth. The submandibular gland is responsible for producing the majority of resting saliva.

Why Do These Stones Form?

• Reduced salivary flow 

• High mineral content in saliva  

• Anatomical features 

• Infection or inflammation 

Symptoms:

• Pain and swelling while eating  

• Persistent lump or swelling  

• Dry mouth  

• Infection  

Diagnosis:

• Clinical examination 

• Ultrasound  

• CT scan  

• Sialendoscopy  

Treatment Options:

1. Conservative management 

2. Minimally invasive techniques (sialendoscopy, laser lithotripsy, ESWL)  

3. Surgical removal of the stone  

4. Submandibular gland removal  

Preventing Future Stones:

Hydration, oral hygiene, avoiding prolonged fasting, treating infections early.

Conclusion:

Submandibular gland stones are common but highly treatable. Minimally invasive techniques allow most stones to be removed without open surgery.